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Understanding Autism

Pathological Demand Avoidance
at a glance

“PDA is considered to be a distinct profile of the autism spectrum, characterised by the avoidance of everyday demands and the use of ‘social’ strategies as part of this avoidance.”
Tony, PDA Society

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These traits:
autism spectrum condition
– Differences in social
communication and social interaction
– Restricted, repetitive
patterns of behaviour,
interests, or activities

Plus many of these traits:
Pathological demand avoidance
– Resisting and avoiding the ordinary demands of life, including activities which are enjoyed.
– Using ‘social’ strategies as part of the avoidance.
– Appearing sociable, but lacking some understanding.
– Experiencing intense emotions and mood swings.
– Comfortable in role play, pretence & fantasy.
– Focusing intently, often on other people (e.g. a “repetitive or restrictive interest” which is another person.)
– A need for control which is often anxiety related

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What is a demand?

Direct requests/questions.
“Would you like a drink?”
“Could you do some washing up?”

“I ought to” feelings..
“I ought to study.”
“I ought to tidy up.”

Indirect demands.
Praise (leads to anxiety over future expectations).
Time constraints.
Uncertainty.

Things one wants to do.
“I want to play video games.”
“I want to ring a friend.”

Demands within demands.
i.e. the demands of going to the cinema include staying seated, staying quiet, not using a mobile phone, etc.

Internal demands.
“I need the bathroom.”
“I need to eat.”

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… and how are they avoided?

Hierarchy of avoidance approaches

Top:
(escalation can be very rapid especially if pushed)
FIGHT FLIGHT FREEZE
upset
agitation
self-harm
shutdown
aggression
running away
PANIC

Taking control
Complete compliance (with later breakdown?)

Physical incapacitation
Withdrawal into fantasy
Reducing meaningful conversation

Distraction
Excuses
Procrastination

Calm.
Able

(increasing demands, increasing anxiety, reducing tolerance, losing control)